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Travel - International
AIR: Canada’s principal national airline is Air Canada (AC).
Approximate flight times: From London to Calgary is 8 hours 45 minutes, to Halifax is 7 hours 5 minutes, to Montréal is 6 hours 30 minutes, to Toronto is 7 hours 15 minutes and to Vancouver is 9 hours 20 minutes.
From Los Angeles to Montréal is 7 hours 20 minutes, to Toronto is 5 hours 15 minutes and to Vancouver is 2 hours 50 minutes.
From New York to Montréal is 1 hour 15 minutes, to Toronto is 1 hour 20 minutes and to Vancouver is 5 hours 20 minutes.
From Singapore to Montréal is 23 hours 45 minutes, to Toronto is 21 hours 35 minutes and to Vancouver is 26 hours.
From Sydney to Montréal is 23 hours, to Toronto is 20 hours 30 minutes and to Vancouver is 18 hours 20 minutes.
International airports: Canada has 13 international airports. All have full banking and catering facilities, duty-free shops and car hire. Airport-to-city bus and taxi services and, in some cases, rail links, are available.
Calgary (YYC) (website: www.calgaryairport.com) is 20km (12.5 miles) from the city (travel time – 45 minutes).
Edmonton (YEG) (website: www.edmontonairports.com) is 28km (17 miles) from the city (travel time – 30 minutes).
Gander (YQX) (website: www.ganderairport.com) is 3km (2 miles) from the city (travel time – 10 minutes).
Halifax (YHZ) (website: www.hiaa.ca) is 35km (21 miles) from the city (travel time – 30 minutes).
Hamilton (YHM) (website: www.yhm.com) is 10km (6 miles) from the city (travel time – 20 minutes).
Montréal (YUL) (Dorval) (website: www.admtl.com) is 25km (15 miles) from the city (travel time – 25 minutes).
Ottawa (YOW) (Macdonald-Cartier) (website: www.ottawa-airport.ca) is 15km (8 miles) from the city (travel time – 20-45 minutes).
St John’s (YYT) is 8km (5 miles) from the city (travel time – 10-15 minutes).
Saskatoon (YXE) is 7km (4.5 miles) from the city (travel time – 15 minutes).
Toronto (YYZ) (Lester B Pearson) (website: www.gtaa.com) is 27km (17 miles) from the city (travel time – 30 minutes).
Vancouver (YVR) (website: www.yvr.ca/) is 15km (9 miles) from the city (travel time – 20-45 minutes).
Winnipeg (YWG) (website: www.waa.ca) is 10km (6 miles) from the city (travel time – 20 minutes).
Departure tax: Vancouver has an Airport Improvement Fee (AIF) which is C$15 for international departures and approximately C$10 for departures to other North American destinations, including Hawaii and Mexico.
Montréal (Dorval) has a departure tax of C$10 for international departures. Transit passengers and children under two years of age not occupying a seat are exempt.
Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, Ottawa, Halifax and St John’s levy an AIF of C$10, which is included in the ticket price. Calgary’s AIF is C$12.
Note: From 1 April 2002 there is a new Air Travellers Security Charge (ATSC) which helps to pay for the additional security following 11 September 2001. This charge will be levied on all passengers departing from any Canadian airport for domestic, national and international flights. The charge is currently C$24 per person for national and international departures and C$12 per person per flight for all domestic service to a maximum of C$24 per person per ticket.
SEA: The principal Canadian ports on the Atlantic Ocean (east coast) are Halifax (Nova Scotia), St John (New Brunswick) and St John’s (Newfoundland). Montréal and Québec have ports on the St Lawrence Seaway, which links the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes and the industrial heartland of Canada and the USA. Toronto’s port is on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. The port of Vancouver is on the west coast. All are served by international shipping lines, but Montréal is the only port for passenger liners from Europe.
RAIL: The Canadian rail system connects to the USA at several points. Major routes are: New York–Montréal, New York–Buffalo–Niagara Falls–Toronto, Chicago–Sarnia–London–Toronto, Cleveland–Buffalo–Niagara Falls–Toronto and Detroit–Windsor–Toronto. VIA Rail Canada, the country’s main rail operator, issues a discount pass for rail travel within Canada and the USA: the North American Rail Pass (available to anyone) is valid for 30 days and allows 12 days’ unlimited travel within that 30-day period on VIA trains in Canada and practically any Amtrak train in the USA, with direct access to over 900 Canadian and US cities and towns. For details of ticket prices and reservations, contact VIA Rail in Canada (tel: (888) 842 7245; website: www.viarail.ca) or their UK representative Leisurail (tel: (0870) 750 0222).
ROAD: The only road access to Canada is through the southern border with the USA or from the west through Alaska. Apart from private motoring, the most popular way of travelling by road is by bus. The biggest coach company in the world is the Greyhound Bus Company (see Coach section in Travel – Internal) and this is one of the most common routes to Canada from the USA. There are many crossing points from the USA to Canada, but some of the most common are: New York to Montréal/Ottawa; Detroit to Toronto/Hamilton; Minneapolis to Winnipeg; Seattle to Vancouver/Edmonton/Calgary.
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